00:17:04 · Scott Nolan
[00:17:04] S0: Well, I think it wasn't something people were worried about or it wasn't relevant for a long time. So if you're a utility operator, you have a bunch of nuclear reactors, you you're purchasing fuel from Europeans or enrichment from European firms. And, you know, you're importing some from Russia because it's been historically very low cost. And, you know, it hasn't really been a problem. The grid hasn't been expanding. You keep your contracts going. The utility fuel buying teams purchase where they can get it from, and there hasn't really been the impetus to create new enrichment capacity in The US. As reactor developers, like all the startups working on reactors, I think they have been the first to really encounter that the supply chain in The US is not where it needs to be. I think utilities may have been aware of this, but there's... You know, it's not within their scope. And so they'll buy from where they need to purchase from. New reactor companies kind of discover this as they go and realize that, Okay, it's time to start thinking about our supply chain now that we have a design, and then you realize this really weak part of the supply chain. So the founder's fun story was they were telling me about this issue, and then I spent basically all of 2023 trying to find a company that was solving this and working on this. And after an extremely thorough search, understand all elements of the supply chain from mining to conversion to enrichment to fuel fabrication, they were right. It was really an enrichment issue. And so spent months trying to find the right company that was doing enrichment, realized it didn't exist, realized that, like in the past, like with Palantir and Anduril, a new company needed to be created. And so started about how do we pull together that company in 2023, and then officially incorporated, officially launched at the start of 2024 with a core team. And so to your question of under duress, yeah, it's not something that Founders Fund does programmatically or even desires to do, but it's something that when there's an opportunity that no one is solving, it's been the case that people on the team find it worthwhile to put everything else aside and go go start something. So we started this with the with the desire to bring back domestic enrichment to make it much more scalable, much more reliable.
00:19:16 · Scott Nolan, Ty Morse
It's already extremely safe. And then to bring down the cost that we can power everything The US is trying to do that's gonna require a massive increase in the grid or behind the meter power production. [00:19:28] S1: I was reading this doc that you gave me earlier this morning, and you basically said most of the time when you're talking to founders, you're almost trying to convince people to not start companies because they're not necessarily doing it for the right reasons. For you yourself, this is like a very long journey. How did you kind of come to the conclusion that you wanted to spend the next maybe decades of your life working on it?
00:19:48 · Scott Nolan
[00:19:48] S0: Yeah. I think, yeah, to address that point of trying to convince people not to start companies, yeah, I'm certainly not the first person to say this. I think there's been allusions to this by Peter at Founders Fund, who's long said, the average like, the one hundredth person at Google made way more money to put it in financial terms than your average founder in Silicon Valley. So if people are trying to start companies for financial reward, it's often much better to just join a great company. And I think a year or two ago, Jensen said this also. Someone asked him if you're gonna do it all over again, what would you do do differently? He said, don't do it. Because, yeah, I I think starting companies is hard, and I kind of knew what I was getting into after twelve years of working with different founders at Founders Fund and three, four years working at SpaceX very early on. It's something you should do only if you have to do it. So my criteria... A lot of people would ask me during my decade plus at Founders Fund, Would you ever go start a company? And I had a pretty standard answer, which was, Yeah, I would do it under three conditions. If there's a really important problem that's not getting solved and somehow I have a good shot of helping solve it, then I'll do something. And so with this one, through talking to reactor companies, it became obvious this important problem of actually making the fuel that they needed was not getting solved. So that checked number one and two. And then when I really dug into it during 2023, it became obvious you would need a few different things that had to come together for this to work. And I felt like my background unexpectedly set me up to do that.
00:21:33 · Ty Morse, Scott Nolan
[00:21:33] S1: And why was it that when you went to search for the company that was already doing this, nothing came up? Like, what about this problem in particular didn't seem sexy to people? [00:21:42] S0: I think it was just a completely unknown problem. It's the sort of thing where people just [00:21:47] S1: assume just think about the reactor, and then they don't actually think about the supply chain behind it?
00:21:50 · Scott Nolan
[00:21:50] S0: Or you assume the supply chain's fine because, like, you know, existence proof. We have nuclear power in the country today. Obviously, the supply chain exists. Obviously, there can't be an issue. But then when you actually realize, Okay, we need to do something slightly different, we don't have the capability to do that, you start pulling the string and realizing you do the research, and you realize the the current status. So I think it was off people's radar. I think when you, you know, you think about an enrichment business, it sounds like a big industrial chemical business, a processing business, which it is, and that doesn't sound that sexy. And then I think there was also an element of wondering, are we even allowed to do this? And so when we started, our first conversations were with the DOE. Hey, this is what we're hearing from reactor vendors. This is the problems that we're seeing. Is this really an issue? Is this something that a private company could help solve? And the answer was yes. But prior to that, you would would say, okay. Let's let's look at who's done this before, it's all nation state or state owned entities, spinouts of of National Labs, companies that used to be part of the Department of Energy, clearly, like, very strong government DNA and a history within the government. And so is this even something a private company is allowed to do? And so through a lot of conversations, we were encouraged to do this. We learned that, yes, you can do this, but we need to work really closely together. And so I think it's a combination of, to your point, it's not the world's sexiest business. It's also not something that's been generally on people's radar because there was no need for new expansion of enrichment in The US, at least so people thought. And then there was a question of, is this even allowed? And and what would it take to get the government support? And so now through a few years of work, really starting in 2023, We're we're working very closely with the DOE and the NRC on on bringing this capability back.
00:23:56 · Ty Morse, Scott Nolan
[00:23:56] S1: You worked at SpaceX from, like, 2003 to, I think, like, two thousand seven ish. Right? Mhmm. What was that like? And then what were you able to kinda, like, take from that to starting this company? [00:24:06] S0: Yeah. So SpaceX was not my first job. Even though it's my first job out of college, the one... The place I worked right before SpaceX was Boeing. And so during college, I was an intern at Boeing on what seemed like the coolest project you could do, which was a government military project at a top secret location working on a military program. And so I had been a mechanical engineer, aerospace engineer, undergrad undergrad and master's, and so this seemed like a great place to go, much more interesting than working on commercial airliners, I thought. So let's work on a military program, and let's try and push the limits on what's possible in the aerospace world. And, it was a multi thousand person project out in the desert, and it was relatively slow. I tried to work as fast as I could, do as much as I could. And I actually got feedback from coworkers who said, hey, you're doing too much. You're going too fast. You should slow down a little bit. We have to make this they literally said we have to make this project last. [00:25:11] S1: Is it because of the incentives with how they were getting funded?