Invest Like the Best with Patrick O'Shaughnessy
00:55:13 · Patrick O'Shaughnessy, Cliff Sosin
[00:55:13] S0: But what about your own portfolio? Word more about how you feel comfortable having a position, forget the company that it is. Sure. That's that big, in the face of so much research that would suggest that's a crazy way to build a portfolio. [00:55:27] S1: A lot of that research, I think, is more looking at price changes in terms of securities prices. And less focused on thinking about it the way someone who owns a company might think about it. Mean, we're talking about Carvana. Were it not for my sense that Carvana's infrastructure and brand and everything else is just so differentiated that there are few scenarios where it works out really badly, then I wouldn't feel so comfortable owning so much of it. It might just be as simple as that. That portfolio approach would have worked absolutely. Certainly, if you discovered Walmart or Home Depot or Fastenal or something back in the day, you wouldn't have taken full advantage of it. And that's kind of my sense with Carvana. If you read history, of course, all the people who did really great tended to be very concentrated. But, of course, the history is literate... [00:56:12] S0: Drivers your bias on
00:56:12 · Patrick O'Shaughnessy, Cliff Sosin
[00:56:12] S0: Drivers your bias on [00:56:12] S1: it. Yeah. You know, or the history of people who didn't. I also think that a lot of that literature is what most people who are looking for average or slightly better than average results should do, and it's totally the right thing to do. But that's not what I'm looking for. I like Carvana a lot. It wouldn't upset me any if stock went up a bunch and I felt compelled to diversify it, that would also be okay. It's just more of a trade off between expected returns and knowingly taking an unusual risk. [00:56:39] S0: What do you think about education? You and I have kids of roughly similar ages. Comment a little bit on how you're thinking about their educations, the institutions that have driven education in this country that have been really important in that whole path dependent story you've described. What do you think the present and future of education looks like or should look like?
00:56:57 · Cliff Sosin
[00:56:57] S1: I've been talking to the head of my kid's school about this, and more and more, it seems to be that his thinking and my thinking are heading in this direction of the way you're educating kids is getting more bimodal in terms of what you're looking for. Let me step way back. What is the benefit of intelligence? Personal intelligence, like your own intelligence, in a world where there's infinite intelligence for models. You might say, oh, it's useless. Doesn't matter. Someone with a 50 IQ can navigate the world just as well as someone with a one fifty IQ. And I don't think that's quite right. And intuitively, doesn't feel right. But I think to nail down where it is, is that the more intelligence you have, and the more crystallized intelligence you have, which would be sort of education, the better you are at communicating with a model and telling a model what you want. I would have a very tough time having a deep conversation with a model to create leading quantum physics experiments because I don't know anything about quantum physics. And the model could try very hard to explain things to me, but in the end, it would be explaining things in crayon and NERF, and it would just be very hard to get the leading edge and get the best out of what the model has to offer. Whereas in an area where I do have some expertise, the model and I can communicate effectively, and I can direct the model to my will much better. And so to direct the model to do your will, which I think is gonna be an important skill in the future, you do have to understand something about the world. And smarts help for that. And education helps for that. You can't ask it to assume this is a stochastic process unless you know what a stochastic process is. It could teach you what one is, but that's a lot of friction in figuring this all out. You don't have to work out the math, but you have to know what it is. And so when I've been thinking about education, there's this idea that you're teaching your kids a bunch of foundational skills that build on one another, where I think in the end, the sum total of those, they have to be able to them without models, not because they're going to do them without models in the future, but because if they don't know how to do multiplication, it's gonna be really hard to understand matrix multiplication.
00:58:45 · Cliff Sosin, Patrick O'Shaughnessy
If they don't know what matrix multiplication is at a high enough level, they're not able to do it really well, but they have to be to understand what the model is doing when it's doing it. And that's so they can direct the model. And so increasingly, I'm of the view that we should spend a bunch of time with kids basically separated from these models, teaching them basic skills that we think are important and what those are is a really hard thing. But the idea being that, yes, the model can do it, but you need to know it so that you can tell the model what to do. And then on the flip side, some English teacher is like, I don't like models because the kids just cheat on their Shakespeare essays. I'm like, you're not being ambitious enough. The kids are cheating on a Shakespeare essay. [00:59:22] S0: Give them something harder to do. [00:59:24] S1: Give them something a 100 times harder and more ambitious and have them use models to their fullest extent. Have them bring the work product back, and then make sure that they didn't just give a prompt to the model, do the homework, and make sure they own it, ask them why it's like this. Force them to justify it. And I think that's another really important thing. So kids need to be good at using them. And they also, I think, frankly, just need to be taught that they can do anything.
00:59:24 · Cliff Sosin, Patrick O'Shaughnessy
[00:59:24] S1: Give them something a 100 times harder and more ambitious and have them use models to their fullest extent. Have them bring the work product back, and then make sure that they didn't just give a prompt to the model, do the homework, and make sure they own it, ask them why it's like this. Force them to justify it. And I think that's another really important thing. So kids need to be good at using them. And they also, I think, frankly, just need to be taught that they can do anything. [00:59:45] S0: You and I get to talk every so often on the phone. Every time I wish it was recorded so that other people could hear it because I learned so much. And I think in this particular conversation today, which is sort of a version of a call we had several months ago, is just such a valuable set of food for thought about the future of intelligence and what that means for markets and companies and is a little bit, not in opposition to, but a different perspective than the most common one that you're hearing, which is unlimited build out forever, short everything forever, no cap on the demand for intelligence. And I've loved talking to you about it both on the phone and today. So thank you so much for your time. Thank episode of this podcast complete with hand edited transcripts. You can also subscribe to Colossus, our quarterly print, digital, and private audio publication featuring in-depth profiles of the founders, investors, and companies that we admire most. Learn more at colossus.com slash subscribe.
00:59:45 · Patrick O'Shaughnessy, S2
[00:59:45] S0: You and I get to talk every so often on the phone. Every time I wish it was recorded so that other people could hear it because I learned so much. And I think in this particular conversation today, which is sort of a version of a call we had several months ago, is just such a valuable set of food for thought about the future of intelligence and what that means for markets and companies and is a little bit, not in opposition to, but a different perspective than the most common one that you're hearing, which is unlimited build out forever, short everything forever, no cap on the demand for intelligence. And I've loved talking to you about it both on the phone and today. So thank you so much for your time. Thank episode of this podcast complete with hand edited transcripts. You can also subscribe to Colossus, our quarterly print, digital, and private audio publication featuring in-depth profiles of the founders, investors, and companies that we admire most. Learn more at colossus.com slash subscribe. [01:00:43] S2: Patrick O'Shaughnessy is the CEO of PositiveSum. All opinions expressed by Patrick and podcast guests are solely their own opinions and do not reflect the opinion of PositiveSum. This podcast is for informational purposes only and should not be relied upon as a basis for investment decisions. Clients of PositiveSum may maintain positions in the securities discussed in this podcast. To learn more, visit psum.vc.